古隆中冬日游记
Visit to Gulongzhong in winter

 湖北襄阳，古隆中武侯祠，大雪中的诸葛亮铜像。

In Xiangyang, Hubei, Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall in Gulongzhong, Zhuge Liang's statue in white snow

等待了整整一个冬季，终于在马年立春之后迎来这场大雪。

I waited for a whole winter, and it snowed finally in the year of the Horse after the Beginning of Spring.

头一天晚上睡觉前特意把闹钟定在了六点。

At the first night before I went to bed, I deliberately set the alarm clock at six o 'clock.

立春之后，雪花铺在地上保留时间通常不会太长，随着气温的升高，一般临近中午就会融化。

After the Beginning of spring, the snow on the ground did not stay long. As temperatures rose, the snow would generally melt at noon.

从市区到古隆中有十四、五公里路程。因此，要想拍到无人踩踏的雪景，必须得早起赶在大批游客蜂拥而来之前到达。

It was about 14-15 km far from the downtown to Gulongzhong. Therefore, in order to take the pictures of snow that no one trampled, I must get up early before tourists flock to arrive.

上一次拍到古隆中雪景已经是两年前的事了。现在的雪已是越来越难得盼到。

I photographed the snow in Gulongzhong two years ago. It was more and more difficult to expect the snow now.

“龙卧处，吟声无绝。只为惊天震地平天下，虽羽折而往矣”，在漫天的雪花飞舞之中，我第一个走进古隆中。经隆中牌坊、躬耕地、小虹桥、卧龙处……，脑子里尽是刘玄德三顾茅庐，煮酒隆中对的情景。

"There is ceaseless sound in the place where the dragon lies. In order to amaze the world, he would go there even his wings were broken".  In a heavy snowy day, I was the first person who entered Gulongzhong. When I went through Longzhong Memorial Archway, Gonggengdi, Xiaohong Bridge and Wolongchu, etc. my mind was filled with the scene that Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage for many times and talked with Zhuge Liang who boiled wine in Longzhong.

公元207年，刘备为了兴复汉室，三顾草庐以求天下大计。诸葛亮感激刘备三顾之恩，辅佐刘备开创蜀汉基业。

In 207, in order to revitalize the imperial family of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage for three times to seek the national strategies. Zhuge Liang admired the benevolence of Liu Bei to visit him for three times, and assisted Liu Bei to establish the undertaking of imperial reign of the Han Dynasty in Sichuan.

罗贯中在《三国演义》第三十七回中这样描述道：“孔明当世大贤,岂可召乎！遂上马再往访孔明。关、张亦乘马相随。时值隆冬，天气严寒，彤云密布。行无数里，忽然朔风凛凛，瑞雪霏霏：山如玉簇，林似银妆……”。

Luo Guanzhong recorded in the 37th chapter of Three Kingdoms as follows,"Zhuge Liang was a sage in the current age, so we should recruit him. So he rode his horse to pay a visit to Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei also drove their horses to follow him. It was the middle of winter then, and it was cold and cloudy. When they traveled for a few miles, they encountered strong wind and heavy snow. Mountains resembled jade clustered and forests seemed silver-clad......"

景区改造后，隆中大门已经前移至湖北文理学院南门处。

After transformation of the scenic area, the gate of Longzhong had been moved to the southern gate of Hubei University of Arts and Science.

改造时被拆掉差点挪位的古隆中牌坊。古隆中牌坊建于清光绪十九年（公元1893年），是隆中的标志性建筑。牌坊中间字碑雕刻“澹泊明志，宁静致远”，此联出自诸葛亮《诫子书》。

The memorial archway in Gulongzhon was taken down and nearly relocated during transformation. The memorial archway in Gulongzhong was established in 1893, and it was a landmark in Longzhong. The stele in the middle of the memorial archway was engraved with "indifference to fame and wealth and pursuit of a quiet life". This sentence originated from Zhuge Liang's Literature of Warning the Generations.

“古隆中”石牌坊高约六米，长约十米，其建造材料为青石开榫组装而成，依外观形式为柱不出头有楼，四柱三牌楼式，为清光绪十九年（公元1893年）湖北提督程文炳所建。The stone memorial archway of Gulongzhong was about 6 meters in height and about 10 meters in length. It was made by tenoning bluestone. Its columns were not exposed and it contained four columns and three openings. It was built by Cheng Wenbing who was the provincial commander-in-chief in Hubei in 1893.

在牌坊背面的字碑上刻着“三代下一人”，作者陈维周，清安襄陨荆兵备使者，此匾所题镇雄为地名，属云南所辖，后学是歉词，意即后辈学生。“三代下一人”意指诸葛亮是夏、商、周以后的第一人杰。
The stele at the back of the memorial archway was engraved with "San Dai Xia Yi Ren". The author was Chen Weizhou who was the envoy of military defense in Yunjing, Anxiang in the Qing Dynasty. The character of Zhenxiong in this horizontal inscribed board referred to a place under the  jurisdiction of Yunnan. The latter characters were self-depreciatory expression which meant junior students."San Dai Xia Yi Ren" referred to the greatest person since the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.

门柱上雕刻“伯仲之间见伊吕；指挥若定失萧曹。”此联选自杜甫于唐代宗大历元年（公元766年）初夏到菱洲（今四川奉节）期间写的《咏怀古迹五首》之五中的诗句。对联在此称颂诸葛亮的文韬武略与伊尹（商汤佐臣）、吕尚（周代齐国始祖，俗称姜太公）不相上下，指挥调度从容镇定连萧何（西汉第一任臣相）、曹参（西汉大臣，曾任齐相9年，后继萧何为汉惠帝臣相）与之相比都显得逊色。

The gatepost was engraved with "Bo Zhong Zhi Jian Jian Yi Lv,Zhi Hui Ruo Ding Shi Xiao Cao"This poem was selected from the fifth part of Five Odes to Historical Sites written by Du Fu when he went to Fengjie in Sichuan in 766.This poem praised that Zhuge Liang's military expertise paralleled Yi Yin (assistant courtier in the Shang Dynasty) and Lv Shang ( the ancestor of the Qi State in the Zhou Dyansty, who was also called Master Keung), and he commanded the troops calmly, and Xiao He (the first courtier in the Western Han Dynasty) and Cao Can (a courtier in the Western Dynasty, who was a chancellor in Qi State and succeeded Xiao He to become a courtier of Emperor Hui in Han Dynasty) could not overtake him.

 过牌坊，以前的一池荷塘已经变成池塘，雪花飘落在冰面上，瞬间融入水中，与远处的躬耕田潺潺相连。

After the memorial archway, the previous lotus pond became a pool. The snow fell on the ice and melted into the water instantly. The pool was linked with Gonggengtian in a distance.

往年盛夏，常在这里拍摄荷花，不知道今年还能在此拍得否~

In the past midsummer, I often photographed lotus here, but I did not know whether I could still photograph it here this year.

寒梅映衬中的小虹桥。关于小虹桥，罗贯中在《三国演义》中对其这样写道：刘备冒大风雪第二次到隆中拜访诸葛亮时，与诸葛亮的岳父黄承彦在此桥相遇。当时黄承彦触景生情，雅兴勃发，正高吟：“骑驴过小桥，独叹梅花瘦”。因在小虹桥处发生了这段趣事，且其为诸葛亮寓居隆中期间经常出入之门户，所以，小虹桥便一直作为隆中诸葛故迹的一个景点，为后人所珍视。

Xiaohong Bridge against winter plums. As regards Xiaohong Bridge, Luo Guanzhong depicted it in Three Kingdoms that When Liu Bei paid a visit to Zhuge Liang in Longzhong for the second time in a snowy day, he met Huang Chengyan who was Zhuge Liang's father-in-law in the bridge. Then the sight stirred up Huang Chengyan's feelings and he got excited, so he composed a poem, "Cross the bridge by a donkey, sigh that the winter plum is lean" As this interesting event took place in Xiaohong Bridge, and it is the entrance when Zhuge Liang lived in Longzhong, Xiaohong Bridge had become a scenic spot of the historical sites of Zhuge Liang in Longzhong and cherished by the generations.

明弘治二年，明朝广德寺住持大云和尚曾募捐修此桥。《造小虹桥碑》描述当时的小虹桥为：“雨霁长空横素影，云收大地露真形，水从半月溪边过，人在苍龙背上行。”后小拱桥朽坏，改为青石板桥。

In the second year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, Monk Dayun who was the abbot of Guangde Temple once raised donations to repair this bridge. Stele of Building Xiaohong Bridge described the current Xiaohangqiao as follows, "A shadow is cast in the sky after a rain,  the earth shows its true appearance when the clouds disperse, the water flows along a half-moon creek, people walk on a bridge like a dragon. Afterwards, Xiaogongqiao got ruined and became a bluestone bridge.

抱膝亭静静地矗立在小山岗上。诸葛亮在隆中时常抱膝长吟，后将其常坐之石称为“抱膝石”。现在的抱膝亭是光绪十四至十九年（公元1888—1893年）程文炳重修的。程文炳在《抱膝处碑记》中说：“武侯祠东南百余步，有阜隆起，纵横十余丈，自后山逶迤而下，至此气为之聚，……乃构亭其上，高四丈有余，围七丈余。”

Baoxi Pavilion stood still on a hill. Zhuge Liang often sat to read books in Longzhong, so the rock where he often sat was called "Baoxi Rock". The current Baoxi Pavilion was rebuilt by Cheng Wenbing between 1888 and 1893.Cheng Wenbing said in Inscriptional Record of Baoxichu that More than one hundred steps in the southwest of Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall, there was a high hill which was about 30 meters was in length and breadth. It inclined from the rear mountain until the place where energy was concentrated,....... A pavilion was built on it, which was about 13 meters in height and 23 meters in breadth.”

 亭在树荫丛中，六角形，三檐三层，檐角高翘，造形挺秀端庄。亭内有木梯可登楼赏景，另有一番情趣。亭前立有“抱膝处”三个大字的石碑，据说为书法家张裕钊所书。

The pavilion stood in a bush. It was hexagon with three eaves and three stories. Its cornice bent upwards, and it was tall and graceful. There was a wooden ladder in the pavilion for ascending to admire the landscape. It would be specially interesting. A stele inscribed with Baoxichu stood in the front of the pavilion. It was said that it was written by Zhang Yuzhao, a famous calligrapher.

 抱膝亭后有明朝嘉靖庚子年(公元1540年)雕塑的大型龟座草庐碑。

There was a large turtle-based stele inscribed with Cao Lu in the back of Baoxi Pavilion, which was sculpted in 1540.

 明嘉靖十九年（1540年），隆中立“草庐碑”，当时的著名书法家江汇题字，正面书“草庐”，背面题“龙卧处”。碑高大雄伟，龟昂首负重，即古朴又富有生趣。In 1540, the stele inscribed with Cao Lu was erected in Longzhong. It was inscribed with Cao Lu in the front and Long Wo Chu in the back by the famous calligrapher Jiang Hui. This stele was tall and majestic. The turtle raised its head and bore the burden on it.

 “龙卧处，吟声无绝。只为惊天震地平天下,虽羽折而往矣”。

"There was ceaseless sound in Longwochu. In order to amaze the nature, I would go there even I was injured"

继续沿石级而上，三顾堂与武候祠并排而列。三顾堂建于清康熙五十九年（1720），是刘备三顾茅庐、诸葛亮隆中对策的纪念堂。传说当年刘备三顾茅庐时拴马的古柏至今耸立门前。其内金匾银对，古碑林立，具有很高的历史研究和书法艺术研究价值。
Along the stone steps, Sangu Hall and Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall were distributed side by side. Sangu Hall was built in 1720, which was a memorial hall where Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage for many times and discussed with Zhuge Liang in Longzhong. It was said the ancient cypress used to tie the horse when Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage for three times still stood in the front of the gate. In the hall, there were many gold horizontal inscribed boards and ancient stele, which had high historical research value and calligraphic and artistic research values.

风雪中的三顾堂。没有刘备三顾草庐和孔明《隆中对》，就没有《三国志》。陈寿撰《三国志》，语言洗炼，谋篇精巧。写孔明答隆中对策内容，千秋珠玉，不挪一字。但写刘备三顾草庐过程，惜墨如金，只有五字：“凡三往，乃见”。

Sangu Hall in wind and snow. If there was no story that Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage and discussed with Zhuge Liang, there would be no Records of the Three Kingdoms. Records of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou featured succinct words and subtle textual design. The conservation between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei in Longzhong was so succinct that no word could be omitted. But the process that Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage for many times was depicted with only a few words that Zhuge Liang saw him when he visited Zhuge Liang at the second time.

本来，按罗贯中对陈寿本义的理解，认为这五个字是“一共去了三次，第三次才会见”的意思，并以此创作了《三国演义》中约7000字的第三十七回，把当时与孔明有关的人物也请上古隆中舞台，生动地表演了一番。

At first, for the original meaning of Chen Shou, Luo Guanzhong believed that these words meant that Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage for three times in total and Zhuge Liang meets him at the third time, and he composed the 37th chapter with more than 7000 characters in total in Three Kingdoms. He vividly depicted many roles associated with Zhuge Liang.

然而易中天先生不大赞成罗贯中的理解，在《品三国》上册第十六集“三顾茅庐”250页，将“凡三往，乃见”，首先翻译为“一共去了三次，就见面了”。

However, Yi Zhongtian disagreed with Luo Guanzhong's idea. In the 250th page of the 16th chapter in the first volume of Appreciation of the Three Kingdoms, he translated these words into meeting him when he visited the thatched cottage for three times in total.

这就使“三顾草庐”还原为一个谜！是三次都见了，还是只见了第三次？我们正在猜，易先生又说：“如果这样说还不明确，那么唐人的理解或许可以参考。杜甫说‘三顾频烦天下计’，周汝昌先生解释‘频烦’就是‘屡屡’几次……甚至‘三顾’也不一定就是实指，即只去了三次，也可以理解为多次，即‘再三’、‘频繁’的意思”。看来谁也无法破译这个千古之谜了！多少次顾？多少次见？易先生越说，我们越糊涂了。

This made the story of visiting the thatched cottage for three times in total a puzzle. Did Zhuge Liang meet him for three times or at the third time? When we guessed, Mr Yi said that if this idea was not clear, we could take the idea of the persons in the Tang Dynasty for reference. Du Fu wrote a poem that Liu Bei frequently visited the thatched cottage for three times for national strategy. Zhou Ruchang explained that the word of frequently meant many times.....the phrase of three times was not a notional reference. It did not mean that he visited the thatched cottage for three times. He might visit it for many times. It seemed that no one could explain this everlasting puzzle. How many times did Liu Bei visit the thatched cottage? How many times did Zhuge Liang meet him?As Mr Yi explained more, we were more puzzled.

还在修葺中的武候祠。公元234年8月，诸葛亮病卒于北伐前线的五丈原，时年五十四岁。诸葛亮为蜀汉丞相，生前曾被封为“武乡侯”（武乡在今汉中市的武乡镇），死后又被蜀汉后主刘禅追谥为“忠武侯”，因此历史上尊称其祠庙为“武侯祠”。全国最早的武侯祠在陕西省汉中的勉县，目前最出名的除襄樊古隆中武侯祠、陕西勉县武侯祠外，还有成都武侯祠、南阳武侯祠、重庆奉节白帝城武侯祠、云南保山武侯祠和甘肃礼县祁山武侯祠等。
Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall which was still being repaired. In August, 234, Zhuge Liang died for illness in Wuzhangyuan when he was 54 years old. Zhuge Liang was the prime minister in the Kingdom of Shu, who won the title of Wuxianghou (Wuxiang refers to Wuxiang Town in Hanzhong City), and he was called Zhongwuhou by Liuchan after his death. So his temple was called Wuhou Memorial Hall in the history.The earliest Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall in China was located in Mian Couty in Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province. Besides the famous Zhuge Liang Memorial Halls in Gulongzhong, Xiangfan and Mian County in Shaanxi, there were also Zhuge Liang Memorial Halls in Chengdu, Nanyang, Baidi City, Fengjie, Chongqing, Baoshan in Yunnan and Li County in Gansu, etc.

隆中书院。据《襄阳府志》载，“隆中书院在城西三十里隆中山”，“元建书院以祀”。有人说隆中书院建于元至正年间，不知何据。到明代成化年间，吴缓视师荆南，重修武候故居时，写了一篇《隆中书院记》，但记中未言及教学事宜。后毁。现在的书院为1987年重建，内有静砺堂、致远堂、古隆中陈列馆等建筑。
Longzhong Academy.According to Records of Xiangyang, Longzhong Academy was located in Longzhong Mountain which was 15 km in the west of Longzhong. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty for memory. It was said that Longzhong Academy was built in the period of Zhizheng, but its evidence was unknown. In the period of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, when Wu Huan investigated Jingnan and rebuilt the former residence of Zhuge Liang, he wrote a Record of Longzhong Academy, but he did not mention the issue of instructions. It was ruined later. The current academy was rebuilt in 1987, which included Jingli Hall, Zhiyuan Hall, Gulongzhong Exhibition hall, etc.

走进书院内，一阵风刮起，积雪飞舞。
When I walked into this academy, a gust of wind blew and the snow flew.

 院内，一株腊梅兀自傲首怒放。

In the academy, a winter pulm bloomed separately.

顺着林荫步道，过草庐，前往老龙洞。

Along the shady avenue, I passed the thatched cottage and walked towards Old Dragon Cave.

眺望隆中山顶的腾龙阁。

Tenglong Pavilion below the top of Longzhong Mountain.

老龙洞是诸葛亮躬耕隆中时灌溉农田的水源。明吴绶有诗云：“泉深岩穴古，时有老龙眠。门掩云中石，功成涧下田。一溪青草合，千古碧萝悬。欲觅英雄迹，高风尚宛然。”
Old Dragon Cave was the water source when Zhuge Liang irrigated the farmland in Longzhong. Wu Shou wrote a poem that the spring was deep and the cave had a long history, and an old dragon sometimes slept here. The gate hid the stones and the cave benefited the farmland. There was grassland along the creek and uanea longissima was hung on trees. I found the hero and saw his exemplary conduct and nobility of character."

 池中倒影，积雪与树荫相映成趣。

In the inverted reflection in a pool, the snow and tree shade formed a delightful contrast.

回程的路上，偶遇一只正在雪浴的小翠。
In the road of returning, I accidentally met one  little kingfisher bathing in snow.

 守候数分钟，只待展翅飞起的那一瞬，可惜不是专业的打鸟班子，镜头不给力啊~

I waited for a few minutes and I expected the moment when it spread its wings and flew. It was a pity that I was not specialized in shooting birds because my camera was n